Rhizoremediation as a green technology for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils

Rhizoremediation is increasingly becoming a green and sustainable alternative to physico-chemical methods for remediation of contaminated environments through the utilization symbiotic relationship between plants their associated soil microorganisms in root zone. The overall efficiency can be enhanced by identifying suitable plant-microbe combinations specific contaminants supporting process with application appropriate amendments. This approach not only involves promoting existing activity microbes, but also introduces an adequate number catabolic activity. Here, we reviewed recent literature on main mechanisms key factors rhizoremediation particular focus soils total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). We then discuss potential different amendments accelerate based biostimulation bioaugmentation processes. Notwithstanding some successes well-controlled environments, TPH under field conditions still widespread considered less attractive than methods. catalogued major pitfalls this at scale TPH-contaminated sites and, provide applicable situations future successful use situ soils.